A carbon credit represents one metric ton of CO₂ equivalent reduced or removed, issued after a project meets defined standards and verified by an accredited body.

How it works

Projects — reforestation, methane capture, renewable energy, direct air capture — undergo methodology review and third-party verification. Approved credits enter registries where buyers retire them against corporate climate claims.

Markets split roughly into:

• Compliance markets — government cap-and-trade systems with mandatory participation
• Voluntary markets — companies purchase offsets beyond legal requirements

Pricing varies by project type, permanence, and co-benefits. Additionality (would the reduction happen without credit revenue?) and permanence (will carbon stay stored?) dominate diligence debates.

Venture-backed climate companies may generate credits as core revenue or as a secondary stream from deployed assets.

Buyers increasingly demand registry-specific quality tiers and third-party ratings. Founders should treat credit issuance timelines as product milestones — verification delays directly push revenue recognition and project finance covenants.

Registry choice matters: credits issued under one standard may not trade in buyer programs aligned with another — locking in registry strategy early avoids stranded inventory.

Why it matters

• Founders: Credit revenue can improve project finance but depends on registry approval and buyer trust. Build measurement and verification into product design early.
• Investors: Separate hype from durable demand. Low-quality credits face reputational backlash; regulatory shifts can reprice entire categories overnight.

Common mistake

Equating any offset purchase with credible climate impact. Buyers and regulators increasingly scrutinize credit quality — “cheap tons” may not sustain pricing or survive reputational audit.

Related ideas

Additionality, carbon registry, climate tech, ESG reporting, and catalytic capital.